This account was principally based on the available scientific literature. Possibilities for reduction were inventoried by chain segment and context category: 597 items wereĬollected. The main current causes of food waste generation, future threats of food waste increase, and The whole food supply chain was analysed horizontally – by chain segment: from farms’ production, up to households’ consumption – and vertically by establishing three context categories: the Technological context, the Institutional context (referred to business management, economy, legislation, and policy), and the Social context (referred to consumer behaviours and lifestyles). The aim of this study was to identify the main causes of food waste generation along the food supply chain and how current trends in technology, food chain management and legislation, and consumers' behaviours and lifestyles will increase or reduce food waste in the future. The main conclusions are presented below. The development of this framework for defining food waste signals a key step towards improving our understanding of the food waste challenge in Europe and its consistent use will help measure progress towards both resource efficiency and food security goals. The absence of a framework for defining food waste to date has led to the production of datasets that are not always comparable or transparent as to which fractions are included.Ī common definitional framework will support policy-makers at both EU and Member State level, and stakeholders across the food supply chain, by enabling them to accurately track the rate of food waste reduction, and the effectiveness of their waste prevention strategies. This must comprise a consistent definition of food waste and its components, and consistent system boundaries for the food supply chain. To develop reliable food waste estimates, which can be accurately repeated over time, it is necessary to produce data within a robust methodological framework. Furthermore, we argue the need to bring together all actors in the food system in citizen science projects in order to build shared understanding that will ultimately lead to reduced loss and waste across the food system. Crucially, we demonstrate the value of citizen science in being not just a data gathering tool but also a method of bringing about change through influencing action, from individual behavior to policy making. We describe how citizen science can be used to quantify and understand causes of food loss and waste. In this paper, we scope opportunities for using citizen science to answer 26 priority research questions identified by experts in the field of food waste and food loss as being critical to achieving SDG12.3. Citizen science, the engagement of members of the public in data collection and other elements of the scientific process, can play a role in tackling the problem of food waste and food loss. Reduction targets have been set, including Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.3, which aims to halve per capita food waste at retail and consumer levels globally by 2030, as well as reduce food losses along production and supply chains. Food loss and food waste are urgent global problems relating to environmental and social challenges including biodiversity loss, climate change, health, and malnutrition.
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